Canadas Immigration From 1852-1990 :: essays research papers

Canada's Immigration From 1852-1990 In 1852 many of Canada's immigrants were from Europe countries but many of these were being lost to the United states. This meant that the province of Canada was mostly French Canadians, this began the immigration promotion program in 1850s. In the 1840s the main problem was lack of control over the immigrants now the problem was getting immigrant particularly British ones to start small farms. Over the next 30 years John A. MacDonald did little to attract new immigrants to Canada. In about 1879 a new immigration law was passed that was designed to keep out paupers and destitutes. This would be the start to "weed out" the people that would live in Canada, and eventually become the laws we have today. In 1885 an act was passed that would restrict Chinese males from immigrating. This was done because of the large amount of young Chinese men that were coming to Canada to work building the CRP ( an estimated 15,701). Without these men most of whom lost their lives from injury or disease. During the 1890s a depression because of the very short growing season and very high cost of shipping the grains. This lack of rain caused many Canadians to immigrate to the U.S. for a better life. Not very attractive to immigrants to Canada. Around the beginning of the 1900s the economy was boosted by the increasing need for Canadian food products. Europe had a large population explosion and tax increase caused more and more to move to Canada. With the construction of the CPR it was much easier to go west and settle the land which was cheap or free. The Canadian government was promoting it's self every where with it's fur and grains to encourage new comers and settlers that moved to the U.S. back to Canada. With the out break of World War I tension was high. This was the lowest amount of people in years (although the amount of Americans was increasing with year of the war). Once desired immigrants were now "enemy aliens". Also people from Germany, Hungry, Poland, Romania, and many others become the objects of hostility. After the war there was a huge boom in immigrants because of Canada's growing economy. But after all booms there is always the come down by 1930 Canada was in a bad depression people were also tense because word of another war. During World War II no Canadians had it worse than the Japanese Canadians. After the booming of Pearl Harbour all Japanese-Canadians were stripped of their homes and property. The Canadian government showed great sympathy for European refugees and homeless.

English as a Foreign Language Essay

The resources chosen for this exercise are a song and a series of related pictures. The pictures are images that contain science fiction-like elements which would be of interest to this elementary group within the demographic of 20 to 45 years. The lesson created for the students using these materials appeals to the development of their aural receptive skill, as the song lyrics contain many shorter phrases and sentences and phrases that students of that level are likely to be able to understand. It therefore combines audio with visual stimulation in order to create a greater impact of the students’ learning capacity. Objective: The students will function in an English-speaking role by become a member of the audience for an authentic aural experience. This reflects an attempt to move away from the Grammar Translation Method (Brown, 2000, p. 16). The students are expected to be able to understand the lyrics contained in the song with the help of several scaffolding exercises. Students will experience the reinforcement of words, phrases and grammatical constructions that have previously been taught. They will also learn new words and phrases, as well as observe authentic ways in which native English speakers sometimes bend the rules of Standard English. The reinforcement activities used in the lesson (repetition, scrambling, etc. ) will aid the production skill of speaking as it allows the hearer the opportunity to try to say the word or phrase and the repetitions done within the song (chorus/refrain). They will give the student opportunities to try and retry pronunciation until perfection is achieved. Rationale: 1. The interest of the students in music is expected be piqued by the lead-in exercise. It aids them by capturing and keeping their attention fixed on the task. Because â€Å"a complex task such as language learning involves [all methods] of learning, from signal learning to problem solving,† this task seeks to stimulate the students’ faculties so they are prompted to use all their resources (visual, aural and reasoning skills) to figure out what happens in the song (Brown, 2005, p. 91-92). 2. Students are asked to look at the pictures being generated and create an order for the story in order to keep their minds on the task and engaging their interest in it. It also gets them thinking about the possible vocabulary related to the topic. The students are given the chance to make predictions about the story in an effort to encourage their speech in English the translation of ideas into a language other than their native one. When they have practice translating their own thoughts into English, it makes each successive attempt to do so easier. This task also focuses on visual reception. 3. This task focuses on aural and visual reception, as the teacher says the name of the objects as he/she shows its picture. However, the task also aids oral production in that it identifies and unites the visual representation of the word in print with the sound it has when a native speaker uses it. This is as opposed to learning vocabulary in isolation, as according to Ausubel, â€Å"people of all ages have little need for rote, mechanistic learning† (qtd. in Brown, 2000, p. 63). The pictures act as a method of scaffolding via which the students are able to better understand (or learn) the words being spoken. 4. The pre-teaching exercises have laid the foundation and now facilitate the gathering of the gist of the song in its first playing. The scrambling of the lyrics acts as a means of scaffolding these elementary learners and helps them to know what they are to listen for. This is done so that students are able to get the broad understanding during the first viewing, and this frees them to listen for details in the second listening. It also gives them a chance to use new words and phrases they may have picked up during the exercise and aids in the clarification of details that students might have misunderstood. 5. Students are required to read various sentences and phrases of the song in order to reinforce their ability to speak the language and to make predictions about grammar and diction. It also gives them a chance to say the word in the way a native would pronounce them rather than adhering too closely to a phonetic representation of the words/phrases. It also gives them the opportunity to query new words or phrases they heard in the film. Repetition of the song also reinforces listening comprehension, especially as it regards hearing the details. Later, the collaborative listening and speaking (in pairs) allows the students to pool their resources in constructing a coherent English reconstruction of the lyrics. This gives students a chance to learn from each other. It puts the language even more into the context of social interaction—building on the idea that â€Å"language is behaviour, that is, a phase of human activity that must not be treated in essence as structurally divorced from the structure of non-verbal human activity† (Pike, 1967, p. 26). The activity also gives them practice speaking the language to each other and prepares them informally for their oral presentation assignment. 6. The oral presentation is focused specifically on the oral aspect of using the English language. The students are expected to put their own thoughts together in the form of a story and translate their ideas into an English medium. In this way, they are encouraged to speak the language so that native and non-native speakers will be able to understand. Because this part of the lesson is an extension, it allows them to use some of the words and phrases they have learned in the lesson. 7. The flexi stage of the lesson also provides the students with the collaborative help that will enhance their ability to express themselves. Because they have a choice in what they present, their interest is likely to be sustained (Brown, 2000; Scrivener, 2005). The assignment also allows them the time and freedom to locate new words and phrases that will aid their articulation of their ideas. This also encourages learning of new English words, phrases and grammatical constructions. The task also provides a means of productive discussion and extension without overwhelming the students. References Brown, H. D. (2000). Principles of language learning and teaching. White Plains: Pearson Education. Pike, K. (1967). Language in relation to a unified theory of the structure of human behavior. The Hague: Mouton Publishers. Scrivener, J. (2005). Learning Teaching. New York: MacMillan.

The Effects Of Abstinence Based Programs On Actual...

Additional research has explored the effects of abstinence based programs on actual behavior outcomes. Kohler, Manhart, and Lafferty (2008) compared the effects of abstinence-only and comprehensive sex education programs, operationalizing effectiveness in terms of initiation of sexual activity and teen pregnancy rates. They found that teenagers who received comprehensive sex education rather than abstinence-only or no education were significantly less likely to report a teenage pregnancy. In addition, their conclusions mirrored Sather and Kelly (2002), finding that abstinence-based programs did not reduce the likelihood of engaging in sexual activity. Kohler, Manhart, and Lafferty (2008) actually concluded that comprehensive sex education was more likely than abstinence based to reduce the percentage engaging in sexual activity. Overall, the researchers showed that comprehensive sex education, including but not limited to contraception, did not increase the prevalence of sexual activ ity in teenagers or the risk of teen pregnancy, while also showing the that abstinence only education produced a higher likelihood of pregnancy. These results have been corroborated in numerous studies: Santelli et al (2006), Ott and Santelli (2007), Kirby (2008), Haberland and Rogow (2015), etc. Additionally many studies have taken a large scale approach, looking at trends across the United States. Stanger-Hall and Hall (2011) investigated the change in teen pregnancy rates as statesShow MoreRelatedShould Sex Education Be Taught?2918 Words   |  12 Pagesback to my high school years, were we taught the right information? What type of sex education should be taught to decrease the numbers of teenage pregnancy? In my opinion students need to get taught the comprehensive sex education program. This is a program where abstinence is taught that it is the best way to avoid pregnancy and STI’s but students are taught ways of contraception and condoms to prevent the pregnancy and STI’s is they do decide to become sexually active. When I went onto the CentersRead MoreLgbt Substance Abuse Treatment Best Practices2822 Words   |  12 Pagesapparent by the lack of concrete evidence for particular models of treatment when working with the LGBT community as a whole. Due to the lack of LGBT specific treatment evidence based outcomes, the search focused on comparisons of outcomes between LGBT and heterosexual participants in treatment programs, gay affirming program outcomes, risk assessment for substance abuse and LGBT identified individuals, and whether or not specialized services do exist for LGBT individuals who seek treatment for substanceRead MoreSexual Education Should Be Taught At All And Out Of The Home2589 Words   |  11 Pageseducation programs, citizens of the U.S. have overlooked a deeper underlying issue – and that is, at what stage in adolescence is it necessary and most beneficial for this complicated, life-long learning process to begin? Also due in part to the slow progress these programs have made over time, some parents have even neglected to touch upon the issue entirely. What’s more, these continued failures to be proactive have led to the misuse of some of society’s most prominent resources. Non-â€Å"abstinence-only-until-marriage†Read MoreSexual Education Should Be Taught At All, Schools, And Children As Early As Elementary School2610 Words   |  11 Pageseducation programs, citizens of the U.S. have overlooked a deeper underlying issue – and that is, at what stage in adolescence is it necessary and most beneficial for this complicated, life-long learning process to begin? Also due in part to the slow progress these programs have made over time, some parents have even neglected to touch upon the issue entirely. What’s more, these continued failures to be proactive have led to the misuse of some of society’s most prominent resources. Non-â€Å"abstinence-only-until-marriage†Read MoreThe Importance of Sex Educations in Schools Essay2285 Words   |  10 Pagessexual behaviors and habits. Comprehensive/realistic sex education has a monumental effect on today’s youth, resulting in a rabid drop in teen pregnancies, teen abortion r ates, and sexually transmitted infections between teens. Unlike abstinence until marriage programs that have not been shown to help teens delay the initiation of sex or to protect themselves when they do decide to participate in sexual encounters or activities. Yet, the U.S. government supports abstinence until programs withinRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Teen Pregnancy Essay1611 Words   |  7 Pagessolved. Nearly all teenage pregnancies are unplanned. Teen mothers are nearly twice as likely to forgo prenatal care in the first trimester. This sets up complications along with health problems, costs, responsible fatherhood, education, and risky behavior. Babies are having babies before they’re even fully developed themselves; the environment, and media along with other things are all factors that determine why and how teens are getting pregnant. Teen pregnancy is the result of many environmentalRead MoreThe Drug Addiction Epidemic Of America Essay1679 Words   |  7 Pagesaffirm the frightening statistics in regards to meth, which is the most highly abused drug in the world. Methamphetamine addiction, distribution, and the overwhelming issues it creates for the courts will be examined. Additionally, the detrimental effect it has on the family and the community at large will be explored. Economy in Crisis says the US is facing economic disaster on a scale few nations have ever experienced †¦ we no longer produce what we need to sustain ourselves (Heffner, 2014). WithRead MoreCost Effectiveness Of Daily Oral Prep For Msm1401 Words   |  6 Pagesadded to this literature with a study of the cost-effectiveness of daily oral PrEP for MSM. Using a detailed economic analysis combined with the dynamic progression and transmission of HIV/AIDS model, the researchers assessed PrEP cost-effectiveness (based on clinical trials showing a 44 percent reduction in infection) in the general MSM population, and among high-risk MSM. The results indicate that initiating PrEP in 20 percent of U.S. MSM over 20 years would yield a 13 percent reduction in new infectionsRead MorePrevalence And Risk Of Hepatitis C1624 Words   |  7 Pagesdon’t â€Å"feel sick.† Early risk assessment provides an opportunity for intervention that is critical in determining outcomes for hi gh-risk populations (CDC, 2011). The segment of the population that abuses substances is more at risk for HCV infection. Even more at risk for HCV infection are the intravenous drug users (IDU). This population could have better testing and treatment outcomes if users or previous users seek diagnosis and treatment earlier. Other high-risk groups are those who also haveRead MoreSubstance Abuse Among Adolescents And Youth3137 Words   |  13 PagesSubstance abuse among adolescents and youth has been a concerning issue for society for a long time. Abusing substances at an early age can alter brain functioning in areas essential for motivation, memory, learning, judgment, and behavior control. Therefore, it should not be of surprise that teens abusing alcohol and other drugs often have family and social problems, poor academic performance, health-related problems, mental health problems, and involvement with the juvenile justice system (Fowler

Essay My Senior Year

When you reach your senior year at high school it is time to stop for a moment and think seriously about your current position and the future. After all, it can without an exaggeration be called one of the most important and even decisive periods of life, the last step before your life becomes completely independent. Just a year separates you from taking independent decisions, choosing a college, taking some actions concerning your future career – in other words, grown-up life. And like with many other things, it is never too early to start preparing to it – you may be sure that an extra mile you walk right now will pay off many times over later on. The Best Way to Be Prepared A lot of students perceive their senior year as the last piece of true freedom in their lives. After that they will have to think about jobs, families and career, but right now it looks like it is very far away. Isn’t it better to enjoy yourself while you still can? In the long run this approach doesn’t pay off. What most students learn by the end of their senior year is one simple truth – namely, that it is never too early to start preparing. In the beginning it seems that examinations, choice of a college, application essays and suchlike are very far off indeed; and then suddenly they are not. Believe those who are more experienced than you are – it is much better and more enjoyable to take your time and go ahead steadily than to try desperately to catch up during the last weeks. Don’t make the same mistakes hundreds of students made before you – it is exactly the main difference between being stupid and being clever: clever people learn from mistakes done by stupid ones. Things to Take Into Account There are so many things to pay attention to that your head is probably in a whirl. Let this short list help you a little bit in setting your priorities: Don’t be insincere in your application essays and during your interview. What college wants from you is, firstly, good language (to show that you can express yourself) and, well, expression. The essays should be about something you actually care about – it should, in a word, be real. Professional committee will feel insincerity from a mile off. Don’t spread yourself thin. People tend to trust specialists more than universalists. If you enumerate half a dozen talents it is simply hard to believe that you are equally proficient in all of them; if, however, you find your niche and stick to it you will find yourself in a much better position. Be prepared to your interview. Decide beforehand what you are going to say: why you like this school in particular, what are your ambitions, why you think this school is going to give you what you need. And, more than anything, be reasonable. Look at what lies ahead and tell yourself: â€Å"My senior year isn’t going to be a waste of time†. This was an example of the Senior Year essay, written by the writers of our custom writing service. To buy an essay on the necessary topic, please, fill in the Free Inquiry form in the top right corner of this page.

Patient Protection Affordable Health Care Act - 1594 Words

Unable to pay health insurance hundred thousand people died every year too many people not having comprehensive coverage, many were dropped due serious medical issue, drop their health insurance plans due employer. Years the American people request affordable health care that everyone can have; government Officials disagreed universal health care known Patient Protection Affordable Health Care Act. The number issues, uninsured Americans have been an issue years. President Obama started focusing nationwide issue, introduced signed law to revise the widespread number Americans with no health insurance. This essay I will discuss Patient Protection Affordable Health Care Act as it pertains to our nation as well as explain the pro/cons of the issue of the PPACA, President Obama made it clear that when it came everyone should have coverage. Over the years health care insurance reform, in the U.S has been a political debate for provider consumers. One thing that Americans agreed that the reshaped of the U.S health care system; an effort by President Obama was successful in March 2010, the Patient Protection Affordable Care Act or PPACA was signed into law Increase numbers uninsured individuals due our nation had spent majority to support welfare allowed public program cut back. March, 2010 President Obama signed Patient Protection Affordable Care Act; Affordable Care Act purpose help millions without health insurance subsidies to help lower, middle income Americans boughtShow MoreRelatedThe Patient Protection And Affordable Health Care Act Essay1935 Words   |  8 Pagesunfortunately over years our government has degraded this country and what it stands for. The Patient Protection and Affordable Health Care Act, also known as Obama Care and Affordable Care Act, force all Americans to have health insurance or they will be assessed a penalty fine which some view as an illegal tax. It was the view point which was the basis of a case that went before the Supreme Court arguing against Obama Care. Unfortunately for some the ruling was against the â€Å"tax† based suit. The ACA has beenRead MoreThe Patient Protection And Affordable Health Care Act ( Obamacare )2199 Words   |  9 PagesThe Patient Protection and Affordable Health Care Act aka Obamacare, has been the largest, and most challenging, adjustment to the United States health system in the past 60 years. â€Å"Obamacare’s main focus is on providing more Americans with access to affordable health insurance, improving the quality of health care and health insurance, regulating the health insurance industry, and reducing health care spending in the US.† (http://obamacarefacts.com/whatis-obamacare/) Referenced Obamacare in shortRead MoreHealth Care Reform : Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act927 Words   |  4 PagesHealth Care Reform The health care reform of 2010, Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), signed by the President Barrack Obama marked a significant landmark on the health care system that needed to be changed in order to provide health to the millions of uninsured in the United States. Nurses play an important role in the Affordable Care Act. According to Nickitas (2015), â€Å"nurses need deep understanding of the cost of care, health economics, and policy. Understanding the impact ofRead MoreHealth Insurance : The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act ( Aca )759 Words   |  4 Pagesb. Health Insurance In the modern United States, the starting point of any practical discussion about health insurance begins with the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). The ACA has a significant amount of influence over employers and their individual employees, and therefore must be discussed before any recommendations may be made. There are three major aspects of the ACA that are relevant to our client and that ought to be discussed and considered. These aspects include the individualRead MoreImpact Of The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act On Public Health Services Essay1030 Words   |  5 PagesImpacts of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act on Public Health Services The Patient Protection Affordable Care Act (PPACA) has had many impacts on public health services under ten different titles addressing the health and welfare of Americans. There are two titles specifically under the health system reform that have lead to putting a greater focus on public health and prevention, while also focusing on building a stronger workforce and infrastructure. Through Title Four and TitleRead MoreThe Impact Of The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act On Public Health Services2883 Words   |  12 Pages The Impact of The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act on Public Health Services HSAD 500 Brian M. Mwesigwa Eastern Washington University – Master of Public Health Abstract Attempts for nearly a century in America have failed to establish the principle that every American is entitled to affordable and effective health insurance coverage regardless of their income or health status. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) of 2010 has made this legislationRead MoreWhat Is The Goal Of The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act And Womens Health1119 Words   |  5 PagesPatient Protection and Affordable Care Act and Women’s Health In 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) was passed. The PPACA grants all legal residents in the United States access to health insurance. The PPACA is accommodated by expanding Medicaid, establishing tax credits for small business owners to cover insurance for their employees, and through state-offered â€Å"marketplaces† where citizens can buy insurance if they aren’t offered insurance elsewhere (Ranji, SalganicoffRead MoreThe Health Care Procedures Of The United States : The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act1900 Words   |  8 PagesIn my final analysis, I will review the present health care procedures. I will delve into the history of health care and the essential need for transformation in America. I will examine the existing health care reorganization in the United States; the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. I will look into the PPACA execution and possible repercussions. I will also look at the pros and cons of the ne w law. I will scrutinize and combine what changes need to take place in the future. And lastlyRead MoreSimilarities Between the The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Plan in Israel567 Words   |  2 Pagesreform has come to the United States. It is called The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. In its wake, healthcare in the United States will radically change. The United States trails as one of the last industrialized countries in the world to construct a national health plan. Israel has a national health plan that covers all its citizens that has been in place since 1995. There are some similarities with the proposed US health plan, but many differences. Both of these will be brieflyRead MoreEmployee Health Benefits Are Undergoing A Radical Change Due The Passage Of The Patient Protection Affordable Care Act Essay863 Words   |  4 PagesEmployee health benefits are undergoing a radical change due the passage of the Patient Protection Afford able Care Act in March 2010, employers are having to re-evaluating how and if they will be provide health benefits to their employees (Grant Thornton LLP, 2013). According to Dunn, Kirsschner, Livingston (2014) the PPACA has created new complications into collective bargaining negotiations over health insurance benefits. Especially in firms like GMFC which employs a large numbers of workers

Breakdown of Wartime Alliance Free Essays

string(83) " stated that it was the Russians who â€Å"tore the heart out of the German army\." Superpower Relations 1943-1991 The Breakdown of the Wartime Alliance The Breakdown of the wartime alliance Although allies, cracks were already appearing in the Soviet-American alliance by 1945. Stalin was particularly suspicious of Britain’s policy before the war of appeasement, which he thought aimed secretly to encourage Hitler to attack Russia. He was also unhappy with the US/British failure to open up a second front in Europe before June 1944. We will write a custom essay sample on Breakdown of Wartime Alliance or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the other hand the British and Americans were worried about Soviet troops in Eastern Europe and their failure to help the Warsaw Uprising against the Nazis. The question remained- would the USA and USSR remain friends following the removal of the one factor which kept them united- the defeat of Germany? [pic] American and Russian troops meet at Torgau on the Elbe, 25th April 1945 World War Two: K/W/L Grid What do I know about WW2? (complete at start of What do I want to know? What have I learnt? lesson) (complete at start of lesson) (complete at end of lesson using the following pages). The war in Russia was to change the course of World War Two in Europe. In June 1941, World War Two witnessed what was then the largest land attack in history   -‘Operation Barbarossa’. A vast Nazi force used Blitzkrieg to devastating effect on the Russian Army. Hitler had long made it clear that he hated the Russians and that war between the two countries was inevitable. The Nazi-Soviet Pact of 1939 had only delayed what Hitler was apparently planning even when the Battle of Britain was at its height. He believed that the Russians were sub-human (the ‘untermenschen’ ) and that they had no right to live where they did. That they were East European was compounded by the fact that Russia was communist and led by Joseph Stalin. Hitler hated communism and Stalin. Hitler wanted all the land in Eastern Europe to be given to Germans as they, Hitler believed, could farm it properly while East Europeans could not. Also many Jews lived in Russia (also known as the USSR at this time) and Hitler wanted them exterminated. In August 1939, Hitler and Russia had signed a treaty of non-aggression which was meant to last for 10 years. However, for both countries the treaty was merely to buy time to get their armies into shape before one attacked the other. Hitler wished to stabilise his western frontier before turning east. Stalin desperately needed to reform his army after the 1930’s putches when his senior officers had been effectively wiped out either by imprisonment or execution. In June 1941 Operation Barbarossa took place – a massive attack by the Germans on Russia. Hitler’s senior commanders had advised that the bulk of the German attack should be concentrated on Moscow. Two smaller armies would target Leningrad and Stalingrad and engage the enemy. These two armies would then be helped by the troops in the main bulk once Moscow had surrendered. They felt that once the heart of the nation had been cut out, the rest of the country would fall. Hitler would not have this. He did not believe that the Russian army was a match for the Wehrmacht and decided on three equal forces attacking Moscow, Leningrad and Stalingrad. As always, he got his way. The German attack on Russia involved: 3 million soldiers,    3580 tanks,   7184 artillery guns,   1830 planes  Ã‚   750,000 horses   The Russian army collapsed under this onslaught and the attack was initially incredibly successful. Moscow was nearly reached, Leningrad was surrounded and the oil fields in the south were swiftly approached. But it had one main failing and that was created by Hitler himself. As the Russians pulled back (retreated) they destroyed anything that might be of use to the German army as it advanced – bridges, railways, buildings etc. and poisoned water supplies. This policy was known as â€Å"scorched earth† and it was not expected by the Germans and severely hindered their armies. The supply lines of the German army stretched from Germany through Poland and into Russia itself – a huge distance to defend and control. These supply lines were attacked by guerrillas called partisans who did a considerable amount of damage to the German army and caused major shortages. The winter of 1941-42 was one of the worst in recorded history. Daily temperatures fell to 40 degrees below zero. German soldiers had not been issued with warm winter clothing as Hitler believed that the invasion would be over by the winter. Soldiers froze to death in their sleep, diesel froze in fuel tanks and food was in very short supply. Russian soldiers had been issued with winter clothing and did not suffer as badly as their German enemies. The defeat of an entire German army at Stalingrad was a disaster for the Germans and some historians consider this battle the turning point of World War Two because the German army could now only go in one direction and that was back to Germany. However, while the army was fighting the Russian army, soldiers from the SS Einsatzgruppen murdered hundreds of thousands of civilians. This was all part of Hitler’s plan to get rid of ‘sub-humans’ from Europe. It is thought that as many as 20 million Russians died during the war. The slaughter was so great that Himmler believed that the policy of shooting civilians might disturbed those doing the killing. A direct result of this was the order to find a quicker way of murdering the people of Russia and the idea of death factories developed from this which lead to the Holocaust. However, from a military point of view, the defeat of the Germans by the Russians was vital to the Allies overall victory in Europe. Over two-thirds of the German army was in the Russian war and its defeat meant that the Allies in the west (GB, France and USA) had more chance of success against a smaller force. Winston Churchill stated that it was the Russians who â€Å"tore the heart out of the German army. You read "Breakdown of Wartime Alliance" in category "Essay examples" † What was the war like for the people in Russia and for the German soldiers? From a German soldier who fought in Russia : â€Å"Do you know how we behaved to the civilians? We behaved like devils out of Hell. We left those poor villagers to starve to death, thousands and thousands of them. How can you win a war in this way? We shoot villagers on the slightest excuse. Just stick them up against a wall. We order the whole village out to watch. It’s a vicious circle. We hate them and they hate us, and on and on it goes, everyone getting more inhuman. The civilians were all ready to look on us as saviours. They had had years of oppression from the communists. What did we do? Turn into slaves under Hitler. If the Russians should ever pay back one half of what we have done, you won’t smile or sing again. We were quartered (living) in a house outside the town. Our dwelling for the night was a wooden house occupied by a Russian family of five children and an old grandmother. We were bitten by fleas all night. We pened our tins and made coffee, sharing what we had with the children and the old woman. The man of the house was a soldier and the mother had been taken away to dig trenches. The children all had protruding bellies of long-term malnutrition. The reality is that after 22 years of Communist rule, a salted fish is the height of luxury. How this country depresses me. † From a soldier who fought in southern Russia : â€Å"I watched my mother and father die. I knew perfectly well that they were starving. But I wanted their bread more than I wanted them to stay alive. And they knew that. That’s what I remember about the blockade (of Leningrad): that feeling that you wanted your parents to die because you wanted their bread. Daily rationing quotas for the people of Leningrad in November 1941    Labourer Child of Eight Bread 252g 128g Fat 19g 17g Meat 49g 14g Cereals 49g 39g Sugar 49g 39g Factor 1: Communism and Capitalism One way of life is based upon the will of the majority, and is distinguished by free institutions, representative government, free elections, guarantees of individual liberty, freedom of speech and religion, and freedom from political oppression. The second way of life is based upon the will of a minority forcibly imposed upon the majority. It relies upon terror and oppression, a controlled press and radio; fixed elections, and the suppression of personal freedoms. A speech by President Truman of the US (1947) Read Waugh and Wright page 10 1. Complete the following table to explain the differences between the two political systems [ideologies]: Communism Capitalism Political System Only one political party – the communist party – No choice, Unable toSeveral Parties – voters may choose and change their change their government. government Economic ideas NO private industries or businesses, NO private profit, ALL industry Most industry and businesses privately owned . and businesses owned by the state for the benefit of everyone. State intervention Censorship of media, State run economy , no choice in a government. NO real state intervention, free market Freedoms NO FREEDOM Freedom of speech, freedom to watch, read, listen to whatever you want. Freedom to own your own business 2. What was meant by the term ‘Cold War’? Read Waugh and Wright pages 8-9 Answer: The Cold War was a phrase used to describe the rivalry and tension between the Superpowers- USA and USSR after 1945. The Cold War had several defining features†¦ Now add some brief detail about the following aspects: Different ideologies Capitalism is a way of life that you are free to do as you wish but communism, you are kept to strictlawsEconomic rivalry In Capitalism you are free to own your own business but in Communism all businesses aremonitored by the statePropaganda Both sides used propaganda to create the worst possible image of the other sideArms Race Each side wanted more weapons and newer technologies than the otherSpace race At first it was only to launch the first satellite, then the first man in space and finally first man onthe moonSpying Both sides spied on each other. This was to find out any military developments3. What was meant by the term ‘Superpower’? Read Waugh and Wright page 9 Now have a go at a definition yourself: A super power is a country or an group of countries (Empire) that is very powerful and they havethe best economies and have the most advanced technologies and weapons like the atomic bomb,missiles, etc.Factor 2: Rivalry before 1945 Read Waugh and Wright pages 10-15 During the 1920s and 1930s US and Soviet contact with each other was limited. However both sides viewed each other with suspicion. Though the USA did not feel directly threatened by the USSR there had been ‘red scares’ in America in the early 1920s- Americans feared that immigrants from Russia and Eastern Europe might bring with them socialist ideas and attempt to persuade the American working class to mount a revolution. The origins of McCarthyism predate World War Two! Make notes on the following points of tension: a. The Russian Civil War The Bolsheviks led by Lenin seized control of the Government and in the following yearsIntroduced Communism to the countryb. British foreign policy [appeasement] before World War Two British foreign policy was to avoid war in Europe at allCostsRussian cartoon comments on Munich c. Rivalry during World War Twod. The Tehran ConferenceExam Technique Part A Question – DESCRIBE Advice: Write about ONE decision or reason or consequence. Write two sentences- one which makes the point and a second which develops it with some factual detail. Describe one decision made by the allies about the war against Germany at the Tehran conference in 1943 (2) Point: One Decision made by the allies about the war against Germany wasDevelopment:Factor 3: Yalta, Crimea [USSR] 4th-11th February 1945 a. Who were the key figures in the wartime alliance system and what were their aims? Read Waugh and Wright pages 14-15 [pic] 1. Complete the table below explaining each leader’s aims and attitudes at Yalta: [pic] [pic] [pic] Winston Churchill Franklin Delano Roosevelt Joseph Stalin b. The Yalta Meeting: Agreements and Disagreements The aims of the three war leaders were different, both aiming to combine the security of their own country with the ideal of European stability. Stalin wanted to create a buffer of pro-Soviet states to protect the Soviet Union against any potential attack from the West, something which Roosevelt and Churchill were firmly against. Poland, being the largest country in Eastern Europe, was likely to set the pattern for the rest of the region, and it was on this matter that the allies met in February 1945, at Yalta. Two different political groups had emerged: London Poles Lublin Poles This was the Polish government of 1939 which had spent the war years in This was a ‘government in waiting’. Stalin had established this group of exile in London. They continued to meet despite the fact that Poland was Polish communists in the city of Lublin after its liberation from the Nazis. occupied by the Nazis. Stalin hoped to place the Lublin Poles into government in Warsaw. They were anti-communist, and wanted Poland to remain independent and free from Soviet control. The Red Army was the first to reach Poland, and as it approached in August 1944, Polish resistance fighters had begun an uprising against the German occupying troops in Warsaw, the capital. They counted on the support of the nearby Red Army, but also believed that by taking the initiative they could ensure the leadership of the London Poles. The Red Army did nothing to help and the rebellion was mercilessly crushed by the Germans. 300 000 Poles were killed. Eventually Warsaw fell to the Russians and by January 1945 Poland had been liberated and the Lublin Poles were placed in control by the USSR. 2. Complete the table below: Source Despite the apparent unity of the allies (see Sources A and B), behind the scenes the West were increasingly suspicious of Stalin (see Source C). Relations deteriorated as Stalin seemed to ignore certain elements of the Yalta Agreement. The high expectations in the West that Stalin would allow democratic governments in Eastern Europe was soon destroyed when 16 leaders of the Polish Resistance were invited from London to hold talks with the Soviet authorities near Warsaw. They were arrested and never seen again. Source A Source B 3. Who gained most from Yalta?Factor 4: Potsdam, Berlin, 17th July- 2nd August 1945. a. Events before the conference Read Waugh and Wright p16-17 and make notes on the following: 1. What had changed between Yalta and Potsdam? [pic] FOCUS ON:Poland ‘jumps to the left’ Poland in 1939 [marked in bold and dotted] Poland in 1945 [marked in bold and dotted] b. The Potsdam Conference [pic] [pic] [pic] At Potsdam, Truman, less inclined to trust Stalin than Roosevelt had been, also had a secret weapon; Operation Manhattan had been completed and the USA possessed a working atomic bomb. This placed Truman firmly in control of the negotiations: â€Å"Truman was a changed man. He told the Russians where they got on and off and generally bossed the whole meeting† (Churchill, writing about the conference later) Atlee Truman Stalin Using three colours highlight or underline the following: (1) Areas of agreement between the allies; (2) ideas rejected by the West; (3) ideas rejected by Stalin; Exam Technique Part B Question – KEY FEATURES You will need to identify a key feature and develop it with more detail/analysis 1 developed key feature = 4 marks 2 developed key features = 5 marks 3 developed key features = 6 marks A key feature is one of three things: A CAUSE†¦AN EVENT†¦A CONSEQUENCE †¦ so do three paragraphs with one of each or two of one and one of another! Remember to number and signpost with the wording of the question. Use the word BECAUSE. Briefly explain the key features of the Yalta and Potsdam conferences, 1945 (6) Paragraph 1: One cause of the Yalta and Potsdam Conferences was†¦This meant that†¦Paragraph 2: A key event of the Yalta and Potsdam Conferences was†¦This meant that†¦Paragraph 3: A key consequence of the Yalta and Potsdam Conference was †¦This meant that†¦Factor 5: The Development of the Iron Curtain, 1945-8 Read Waugh and Wright page 21-23. As the Red Army liberated much of Eastern Europe, Stalin made sure that in the post-war reorganisation most of these countries would be under direct Soviet influence, or at the very least friendly Communist countries. Step by step he took over Albania, Bulgaria, Poland, Romania, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and East Germany in a process described by the Hungarian Communist Rakosi as ‘slicing salami’, or salami tactics (slowly removing or slicing away all opposition to Communism). Why did Stalin do this? Source A: The devastated landscape of Stalingrad- Russia suffered greatly as a result of the war. 27 million Russians died. Source B: Stalin speaking in February 1945 Victory means, first of all, that our Soviet social system has won. The Soviet social system has successfully stood the test in the fire of war and it has proved its complete vitality. The Soviet social system has proved to be more capable and more stable than the non-Soviet social system. The Soviet social system is a better form of society than nay non-Soviet social system. Source C: Stalin at Yalta Mr. Churchill has said that for Great Britain the Polish question is one of honour. But for the Russians it is a question of honour and security. Throughout history Poland has been the corridor of attack on Russia. Source D: Stalin comments on Churchill’s Iron Curtain speech in 1946 It should not be forgotten that the Germans invaded the USSR through Finland, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary. The Germans were able to invade because governments hostile to the USSR existed in these countries. As a result the USSR suffered a loss of life several times greater than Britain and the USA combined. The Soviet Union can not forget the huge sacrifices of the Soviet people. Is it surprising that the Soviet Union is trying to see that governments loyal to the Soviet Union should exist in these countries. 1. Complete the table below. U [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] Factor 6: Winston Churchill’s ‘Iron Curtain’ Speech Nine months after Sir Winston Churchill failed to be re-elected as Britain’s PM, Churchill [with President Truman] traveled on March 5, 1946, to Westminster College, Fulton, Missouri (population of 7,000). Churchill gave his now famous â€Å"Iron Curtain speech. Before this speech, the U. S. nd Britain had been concerned with their own post-war economies and had remained extremely grateful for the Soviet Union’s role in ending World War II. It was Churchill’s speech, which he titled â€Å"The Sinews of Peace,† that changed the way the democratic West viewed the Communist East. Though many people believe that Churchill coined the phrase â€Å"the iron curtain† during this speech, the term had actually been used for decades (including in several earlier letters from Churchill to Truman). Churchill’s use of the phrase g ave it wider circulation and made the phrase popularly recognized as the division of Europe into East and West. 1. Why do you think did Churchill’s words contribute to further East-West tension? 2. Annotate the cartoon below to explain its meaning. Exam Technique Part B Question – KEY FEATURES You will need to identify a key feature and develop it with more detail/analysis 1 developed key feature = 4 marks developed key features = 5 marks 3 developed key features = 6 marks Briefly explain the key features of the Iron Curtain. Cause:Event:Consequence:Revision and Overview Effect on relations between the Allies Event 1939 Nazi Soviet Non-Aggression Pact Britain and the USSR are enemies, USA is neutral but leaning towards Britain. 1941 Nazi invasion of USSR The USSR changes from an enemy to an ally against the common threat of Nazi Germany. Little direct co-operation. 1944 ‘Lublin Poles’ set up West suspects USSR of a desire to create buffer zone of puppet Communist states 1944 Warsaw Uprising 1945 Liberation of Poland 1945 Yalta Conference 1945 Failed discussions with Molotov concerning Polish government 1945 Arrest of Polish Resistance leaders 1945 Death o f Roosevelt – Truman 1945 US completion of Manhattan Project 1945 Potsdam Conference 1946 Iron Curtain Speech, made by Churchill at Fulton, Missouri Focus on: Learning through Mnemonics: CAUSES OF THE COLD WAR [memory word: BARE] [pBeliefs: ic[pic] Russia was (3 things) ] [pic] a Communist country, [pic] ruled by a dictator [pic] who cared little about human rights. [pic] America was (3 things) [pic] a capitalist [pic] democracy, [pic] which valued freedom. [pAims: ic[pic] Stalin wanted (2 things) ] [pic] reparations from Germany [pic] a buffer of friendly states. [pic] Britain and the USA [led by President Truman] wanted (2 things) [pic] to help Germany recover [pic] to prevent large areas of Europe from coming under Communist control. [pResentment about history ic[pic] The USSR did not trust Britain and the USA (2 reasons) ] [pic] They had tried to destroy the Russian Revolution in 1918. [pic] Stalin thought they had not helped the USSR enough in WW2. [pic] Britain and the USA did not trust the USSR (1 reason) [pic] Stalin had signed the Nazi-Soviet pact in 1939. [pEvents ic ] †¦.. and in case you are wondering: EVENTS    (9 events): [pYALTA Conference (4 things) ic[pic] February 1945 ] [pic] Churchill, Stalin and Roosevelt agreed to (5 points): [pic] Divide Germany into 4 zones occupied by France, Britain, USA, USSR. [pic] Hold free elections in Eastern European countries. [pic] Give the USSR territory in Manchuria in return for their help against Japan. [pic] Set up the United Nations. [pic] Set up a government of Communists and non Communists in Poland. [pic] On the surface, everything seemed friendly [pic] Tension behind the scenes [pPOTSDAM Conference (4 things) ic[pic] July 1945 ] [pic] At Potsdam the tensions surfaced. [pic] Stalin, Truman and Atlee agreed to (2 things): [pic] Bring Nazi war criminals to trial. [pic] Divide Germany into 4 occupied zones. [pic] There were also disagreements over (3 things): [pic] Soviet policy in Poland. [pic] The size of German reparations. [pic] Stalin’s demands for a naval base in the Mediterranean. [pSALAMI TACTICS (2 things) ic[pic] 1945–48 ] [pic] ‘Slice-by-slice’, Stalin ensured 7 Eastern European countries had Communist governments. [pic] Albania [pic] (1945) – the Communists took power after the war without opposition [pic] Bulgaria [pic] (1945) – the Communists executed the leaders of all the other parties. [pic] Poland [pic] (1947) – the Communists forced the non-Communist leaders into exile. [pic] Hungary    (4 things) [pic] (1947) – Russian troops stayed there. Stalin allowed elections (non-communists won a big majority). The Communists were led by the pro-Russian Rakosi. [pic] Rakosi demanded that grou ps which opposed him should be banned. [pic] He got control of the police, and arrested his opponents. How to cite Breakdown of Wartime Alliance, Essay examples

Blacks Treated As Lower Class Citizens Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper Blacks Treated as Lower Class Citizens The black community in the United States of America has ever been the mark of bias from the Whites. The Constitution of America states all work forces should hold equal rights, but alternatively of following the fundamental law Whites have treated the inkinesss as lower- category citizen. An illustration that the black community has been treated as a lower category citizen they were being persecuted for seeking to acquire an instruction. The following illustration that the black community was being treated as lower category citizens is shown when the inkinesss could non have a just test in the tribunals. The concluding illustration that the inkinesss have non been treated as peers was when they could non acquire a nice occupation. The black community has ever been treated as a lower- category citizen non merely in the past, but besides in today # 8217 ; s society. The first illustration that the black community has been treated as a lower- category citizen was when they couldn # 8217 ; t acquire a good instruction. # 8220 ; Besides, those doors are ever unfastened to them? But most are deprived of instruction? This gets easier and easier until she comes up with still another kid to abort or back up, But none of this is # 8216 ; Negro-ness # 8217 ; # 8221 ; ( Griffin 92 ) . This quotation mark shows that the inkinesss were deprived of an instruction, and a good instruction is normally a symbol of middle- or higher- category citizen. # 8220 ; They are so near to their ascendants learned to read and write at the hazard of terrible penalty, that acquisition is about a sacred privilege ( Griffin 125 ) . # 8221 ; This quotation mark shows how the Whites had deprived them of an instruction for many centuries. The quotation mark besides shows how an instruction is a privilege for a lower category citizen and is taken for granted for middle- and higher- category citizens. In today # 8217 ; s society inkinesss are still being persecuted in schools. An illustration in today # 8217 ; s society that inkinesss are still being discriminated against is in Corvallis, Oregon. At Oregon State University the white pupils and module are invariably hassling inkinesss. # 8220 ; Peoples look at me like I # 8217 ; m a goon pack member, # 8221 ; said a football participant at the university ( Cain ) . This quote negotiations about how a batch of inkinesss are viewed as a stereotypic mobster which is considered a lower- category citizen in most people # 8217 ; s eyes. At the same campus a black authorities campaigner # 8217 ; s postings were defaced ( Cain ) . This shows that the white community does non desire inkinesss in a high authorities place. A authorities place is a symbol of a higher- category citizen and since Whites defaced the postings it is clear that the Whites treat inkinesss as lower- category citizens. The following illustration that shows that the Whites were being treated as lower- category citizens was the manner the inkinesss could non acquire justness in the judicial system. # 8220 ; Mississippi has long had a repute of neglecting to penalize white work forces accused of condemnable Acts of the Apostless against Negroes # 8221 ; ( Griffin 50 ) . This quotation mark shows the unfairness of the judicial system. Since merely lower- category citizens are looked down upon and are non treated reasonably, the quotation mark implies that the inkinesss are treated as lower- category citizens. Another illustration that the inkinesss did non have justness in the judicial system was during the Parker Lynch instance ( Griffin 50 ) . Even though the F. B. I. provided grounds placing the lynchers, they still went free. This shows that a black adult male can non have justness even when murdered. In the fundamental law it states that all work forces will have a just test, and since the inkinesss can non have a just test, the quotation mark implies that inkinesss are lower than Whites. In today # 8217 ; s society the same exact thing is go oning. Blacks can non have any justness in the judicial system. # 8220 ; A batch of white people will convey bias denial to a state of affairs? the first Rodney King test where you had the whole crushing incident on tape? the chiefly white jury found the constabulary non guilty. ( Rodriguez ) # 8221 ; This quote clearly shows that a black adult male can non acquire a just test. Which besides implies that he is non worthy plenty to have the rights the fundamental law gives him and that he is a low- category citizen who can non have any justness. Another illustration in today # 8217 ; s society where inkinesss can non have justness is during the O. J. Simpson test. # 8220 ; There are non merely cases of racial insensitiveness? the denial of due procedure, of indefensible hunts, of illegal ictuss, of all the charges inkinesss have been doing all along. ( Rodriguez ) # 8221 ; This quotation mark shows that even a celebrated black adult male like O. J. can non have a just test. This shows that inkinesss can neer be equal and will ever be a lower-cla US Secret Service citizen. The last manner inkinesss have been treated as lower- category citizen was the manner that the inkinesss had a difficult clip acquiring a occupation or acquiring by on the occupation the inkinesss already have. An illustration of this is when Griffin tried to happen a occupation, but no affair how qualified or good dressed he could non acquire a occupation ( Griffin 43 ) . This shows that most employers did non desire any inkinesss working for them no affair how qualified, and if you do non hold a occupation it symbolizes a lower- category citizen. # 8220 ; Do you cognize how long we # 8217 ; d last, making something like that # 8221 ; ( Griffin 108 ) . This quotation mark shows the small power the inkinesss have over their occupations and how easy they could hunger to decease. The lower- category citizen normally has an inferior occupation, so this quotation mark shows how they are lower- category citizens. In today # 8217 ; s society there are still favoritisms on the occupation site. # 8220 ; Black jellybeans, # 8221 ; Texaco functionaries said ( # 8221 ; Change in Course # 8221 ; ) . Harmonizing to this quotation mark it is clear there is racism at the occupation site and that the inkinesss have no power what- so- of all time, and no power means that you are considered lower so the Whites. It is clear that inkinesss were and are still treated as lower category citizens. It is clear that the inkinesss could non acquire an equal opportunity to acquire an instruction. It is besides clear that inkinesss could non have any justness in the judicial systems. Blacks could non even acquire a nice occupation to draw him into the higher category. Although we might hold improved a small on some of these jobs, they are still go oning. In the hereafter we should endeavor to do everyone equal. T